CMRJ322
250 WORDS AGREE OR DISAGREE EACH QUESTIONSQ. 1.In reading the required readings from the lesson and the different articles, I was very surprised to see that most of the violence in relationships had a more one-sided approach, talking more about the violence against women that could happen if they were abused as children, rather than both male and females. Children that are subjected to abuse can have a lot of trauma as a result of the abuse whether they are male or female. Children that grow up in abusive situations and are seeing violence constantly, can lead a child to believe that violence can solve problems and be used as a way to control over a partner in a relationship. (Godbout, Daspe, Lussier, Sabourin, Dutton, & Hebert, 2017) Men that are subjected to abuse as children may lash out at intimate partners in a relationship because of the way they were abused as children. Men could be using violence as a way to control their partners along with feeling that since violence is how they were brought up, they will in turn use that same type of violence on their partners.Women that are abused as children are often viewed as the weaker gender and tend to be the ones that are subjected to violence in intimate relationships with their partners. For some women, violence is all they know, so they take the abuse from their partner and may not fight back, for fear of causing themselves more harm from their partners. Sometimes in a relationship where there is a history of child abuse where one partner was abused or both had history of abuse, the violence may not be physical it could be emotional, sexual, psychological, etc. Abuse of any kind can be very damaging to a person in an intimate relationship. “Spouses who had been abused as children (25% of husbands, 31% of wives) reported more symptoms of depression and substance abuse and, among husbands, displayed more negative communication.” (Nguyen, Karney, & Bradbury, 2017)Some children that grow up in abusive childhoods, can develop insecure attachments. A child that has not been exposed to abuse of any kind can look at positive attachments to their parents and see them as their protectors and the parents will show the love that children need. With children that are exposed and subjected to abuse, children can get that attachment they should have had, and turn it into a negative attachment. Instead of seeing their parents as loving individuals, they can view them as a threat or someone who wants to harm them. Children can also be afraid to show affection that would come from a normal attachment and turn that into not wanting to show affection to a partner or avoiding intimacy with that partner later in life. (Godbout, Daspe, Lussier, Sabourin, Dutton, & Hebert, 2017)Godbout, N., Daspe, M., Lussier, Y., Sabourin, S., Dutton, D., & Hébert, M. (2017). Early exposure to violence, relationship violence, and relationship satisfaction in adolescents and emerging adults: The role of romantic attachment. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 9(2), 127-137. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy2.apus.edu/10.1037/tra0000136Nguyen, T. P., Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (2017). Childhood abuse and later marital outcomes: Do partner characteristics moderate the association?: JFP JFP. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(1), 82. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/docview/1867500022?accountid=8289Q. 2.Adults that have been exposed to or have had history of child abuse are at a higher risk of having difficulties in their relationships. Children that have been abused have more lasting effects on the outcomes of the relationships that they have. And the effects do not have anything to do with the other partner. (Nguyen, T. P., Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (2017) Children in abusive homes are more prevalent to become abusers. Not all that are abused become abusers but many of them do. Those that do not get any kind of help or education become more prone to being abusive or even staying in an abusive relationship. Studies have shown that spouses that were abused as a child suffer from depression and substance abuse the study showed 25% were husbands and 31% were wives. (Nguyen, T. P., Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (2017) Domestic violence and IVP (intimate partner violence) has become a huge social and public health concern our country. (Zarling, A., Bannon, S., & Berta, M. (2019) Batter intervention programs (BIPS) are being put in place to keep men from being incarcerated and to help prevent future reoccurences. The programs last about 30 weeks and is supposed to help with anger management and other tactics to assist men with behavioral issues. (Adams, 1988) Children that are abused tend to think that this kind of behavior is normal or acceptable. Children in violent homes will also think that violence is a way of resolving conflicts and this carries on into adulthood if they are not educated that this type of behavior is wrong and unacceptable. Children that also are witnessing IVP later become perpetrators of this type of violence. Those children that have witnessed abuse towards a parent also become subjects of drug and alcohol abuse and those individuals are also known to have little education and become poor and work in manual labor.( Islam, M. J., Rahman, M., Broidy, L., Haque, S. E., Yu, M. S., Nguyen Huu, C. D., . . . Rahman Rafiqul Islam, G. M. (2017) Men in countries such as Pakistan or Bangledesh have attitude’s that justify it being ok for them to abuse, and rape their wives. The conditions in which they believe it is ok to do these things are: if the wife leaves without telling her husband, if she refuses to have sex with him, if she neglects the children, if she argues with him, or if she does not take care of the elderly. These are justifications that the men have for beating or raping their wives. These samples were represented in a health survey from 2007. (Islam, M. J., Rahman, M., Broidy, L., Haque, S. E., Yu, M. S., Nguyen Huu, C. D., . . . Rahman Rafiqul Islam, G. M. (2017) Education is important in helping to prevent domestic violence, IVP and child abuse. The earlier the education the better to help prevent these crimes. Educating children at an early age about abuse and making them aware that it is a wrong behavior may prevent them from growing up to be perpetrators of abuse. Not all children that are abused become perpetrators. There are some that live a normal life and never abuse anyone.Thanks,LoriNguyen, T. P., Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (2017). Childhood abuse and later marital outcomes: Do partner characteristics moderate the association?: JFP JFP. Journal of FamilyPsychology, 31(1), 82. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/docview/1867500022?accountid=8289Zarling, A., Bannon, S., & Berta, M. (2019). Evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for domestic violence offenders. Psychology of Violence, 9(3), 257-266. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.apus.edu/10.1037/vio0000097Islam, M. J., Rahman, M., Broidy, L., Haque, S. E., Yu, M. S., Nguyen Huu, C. D., . . . Rahman Rafiqul Islam, G. M. (2017). Assessing the link between witnessing inter-parental violence and the perpetration of intimate partner violence in bangladesh. BMC Public Health, 17 doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.apus.edu/10.1186/s12889-017-4067-4Q. 3.In today’s society trauma is something not always talked about. A trauma in a child’s life or even an adult can effect the way that person lives and acts .Post traumatic stress disorder is a real thing. Post traumatic stress disorder can be described as s a mental health condition that’s triggered by a terrifying event either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety. (mayoclinic.org) PTSD symptoms can be grouped into 4 categories, intrusive memories, avoidance, negative changes in thinking and mood, and changes in physical and emotional reactions.(mayoclinic.org) The events leading to post traumatic stress disorder can stem from combat exposure, childhood abuse, sexual violence, physical assault, being threatned with a weapon , or an accident.(mayoclinic.org) Traumatic stress does not just go away from a violent situation at home it can carry into the person’s adult life. In a research article by Godbot,Lussier, and Saburoian the “intergenerational transmission of violence” hypothesis ), childhood experiences of abuse from parents or witnessing intimate partner violence increase the risk of perpetrating violence in the survivor’s future romantic relationships(Godbot.et al). Witnessing a violent or traumatic fight could lead to a child thinking that it’s ok to fight in that manner and use as a conflict strategy and could be used to hold power over their partner. There is a lot of evidence to show that in parent to child violence it directly correlates to violence in relationships later on. The study that was done in the research set aside by Godbot,Lussier, and Saburoian the goal of the present study was to test an integrative model of the associations between early exposure to family violence, romantic attachment, relationship violence, and relationship satisfaction in late adolescents and emerging adults(Gobot et al). The study itself aimed itself to see if the mechanics of abusive relationships would thrive for those who had been subject to violence in their childhood. The study wanted to provide the ability for those subject to violence to find programs that would not allow themselves to be caught up in the violence but to break the cycle. The research study provides a way to give the necessary approach to deal with stress or fights but not use violence as a coping mechanism or stategy, The findings also suggest that helatvchare professionals step outside the box and see young patients and figure out ways to help establish violence free relationships in their life.Early Exposure to Violence, Relationship Violence, and … (n.d.). Retrieved from http://sophiebergeron.ca/images/publications/Godbout_2017_Early.pdf.Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (2018, July 6). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355967.Q. 4.The discussion regarding a child’s exposure to any sort of trauma within his or her environment that can lead to future violence relationships is alarming. In one of the lesson readings, a study in assessing the link between witnessing inter-parental violence in Bangladesh revealed that out of 3374 men surveyed, 60% of men reported violent behavior towards an intimate partner. 35.7% endorsed attributes justifying spousal abuse. Boys witnessed father to mother violence had higher odds reporting of any IPV. (Islam, M. J., Rahman, M., Broidy, L., Haque, S. E., Saw, Y. M., Duc, N. H. C., … & Mostofa, M. G. 2017). In this specific case study, I believe these men that exhibits and support abusive behavior are the results of their own abusive childhood environment. These men who are openly abusive towards their intimate partner have interpreted that this sort of behavior acceptable. They have witnessed their fathers repeatedly being violent abusers towards their mother and get away with it without any negative repercussions. Young children are impressionable, and to witness and experience this type of behavior only reinforces that being abusive is the only way to express one’s emotions. In this case, the challenge of this type of perpetration is culturally. For years, men in this type of environment were able to be abusive towards their intimate partners without any arrest and sanctions because the violent behavior was passed on to them subconsciously. I believe programs like BIP can assist in rehabilitation in behavioral alternatives by incorporating value and mindfulness in the course syllabus. Abusive men that have completed a course like BIP is 5% less likely to perpetrate physical aggression toward their female partner than a man who has only been arrested and sanction (Zarling, A., Bannon, S., & Berta, M. 2017). I believe programs like BIP is definitely a step in the right direction in changing the abusive mindset by reinforcing moral values and accepting responsibility for their violent behavioral tendencies.We need to continue to educate and demonstrate why behavioral alternatives are important in an intimate relationship and how to take the appropriate steps forward. We need to be clear and concise on the message that abusive behavior is not only intolerable but unacceptable. We must continue to support law enforcement, social therapists, and professional facilitators with current training in regards to violent behavior in abusers but also support follow on training on how to better treat their victims. If we do not continue childhood trauma studies and learn what and how improvements can be made including how to make necessary and innovative changes on existing BIP, we will continue to see high percentages of IPV.James Brown one of America’s top musician icon of jazz-rhythm and blues also referred to as the “God father of Soul” was a victim of abuse and violence as a young child. Born as a stillborn child, James Brown grew up in poverty during the Great Depression. James Brown was raised in a brothel in which his aunt was a prostitute. He was raised by a violent father. His mother left him at an early age. With all these traumatic factors stacked against him, it lead him to a life of crime as a young adult. He was convicted for theft and physical assault in which resulted in multiple incarceration sentences. In the book Cold Sweat: My Father James Brown and Me his daughter Yamma Brown stated in context “Until I was grown, every time I heard him raise his voice, even when he was talking business on the phone, I shook with fear,” Brown writes. “I had heard that rage so many times as a child, and it usually meant he was high and pummeling Mom behind closed doors (James Brown’s Daughter Recalls A Painful Childhood in ‘Cold Sweat’ 2014). With all his success and fame in the music industry that James Brown had accomplished, he couldn’t establish the same success in his personal life due to the abusive violence that surrounded him throughout his entire life.-Chris L.References:Islam, M. J., Rahman, M., Broidy, L., Haque, S. E., Saw, Y. M., Duc, N. H. C., … & Mostofa, M. G. (2017). Assessing the link between witnessing inter-parental violence and the perpetration of intimate partner violence in Bangladesh. BMC public health, 17(1), 183.Zarling, A., Bannon, S., & Berta, M. (2017). Evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for domestic violence offenders. Psychology of ViolenceNPR (2014). James Brown’s Daughter Recalls A Painful Childhood in ‘Cold Sweat.’ Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2014/08/11/339609813/james-browns-daughter-recalls-a-painful-childhood-in-cold-sweatBiography (2019). James Brown Biography. Retrieved from https://www.biography.com/musician/james-brown
